Last updated on June 6th, 2023 at 06:39 am
Artificial Intelligence Introduction
A precise definition of Artificial intelligence is: The decision-making ability of a man-made machine is called Artificial intelligence. Artificial means man-made and intelligence refers to smartness & consciousness. Artificial Intelligence is getting smarter every day by analyzing multiple types of data produced by human decisions. Most tech companies rely on modern artificial intelligence like Amazon can sell products easily by the use of AI, Meta’s Facebook can recognize your face because of AI, and the best thing that we can’t miss is the self-driving cars by Tesla, all of them are the real-life examples of Artificial Intelligence which we use to live with. We carry a powerful AI assistant every time with us in the form of Google Assistant & Apple’s Siri. We’ll discuss the application of AI further in detail but before that let’s take a look at how the seed of Artificial Intelligence was planted.
The History & Evolution of Artificial Intelligence:
In the year 1950, an English mathematician and computer pioneer Alan Mathison Turing titled his published papers with the question phrase “Can machine Think?”. And this was the ignition point of the journey towards the evolution of artificial intelligence. Since that we are finding an appropriate answer to that question. Alan Turing introduced the Turing Test as the benchmark for the above-mentioned question on that day. Before the term, Artificial Intelligence came into knowledge, the first AI-based computer program was written in 1951 and it was successfully executed in Ferranti Mark I computer. This program was designed by Christopher Strachey, he named it Starchey’s Checker and the purpose of this program was to play checkers game at a decent speed.
In 1956, John McCarthy (The father of Artificial Intelligence) coined the term Artificial Intelligence in a conference at Dartmouth College and that is commonly known as the birth of the artificial intelligence field. He defined this field as the science of developing machines smarter enough that they can make decisions. In 1955, Artificial intelligence programs could play the chess game and that was a major achievement because at that time computer technology was not evolved enough. By the year 1964, Artificial Intelligence could understand the natural language, in 1965, the first chat robot ELIZA was developed, and as the next year began the developers used AI to solve mathematical problems. In 1972, the first AI-based humanoid robot named Wabot I was invented in Japan. In 1974, Stanford Lab developed an autonomous vehicle for the first time, and before that computers were only used for research purposes. By the year 1975, computers became more popular and could be found everywhere like offices and houses. Since that many major and minor AI projects were started some of them succeed some of them failed.
On the 11th of May 1997, worlds chess champion Gary Kasparov was defeated by the IBM Deep Blue computer. By the year 2002, Artificial Intelligence now could help households to clean their houses because AI-based vacuum cleaners were available there. and By the year 2006, many tech companies like Facebook, Google, Netflix adopted artificial intelligence to grow their businesses.
Types of AI: There are four common types of Artificial Intelligence
1. Reactive Artificial Intelligence: The reactive artificial intelligent machines are used to perform basic operations like playing games with computers. This type of AI doesn’t require any type of experience it simply copies the human actions in real-time.
2. Limited Memory AI: This refers to a memory-bounded AI. This can perform some more actions than the reactive machine, for example, the earlier self-driving cars used limited memory AI for their operations. They could remember the map and other instructions in a limited data stack. Traffic lights and automated road barriers are also examples of limited memory AI.
3. Theory of Mind AI: What if the machines have emotions, this type of artificial intelligence deals with the research on how human behavior and feelings can be added to the machines. Sophia is a robot made by Hanson Robotics that can feel human feelings and reply intelligently.
4. Self-Aware AI: Self-aware artificial intelligence or cognitive AI is considered to be the most dangerous to humans till now it doesn’t exist but maybe in the future AI will evolve and gain self-awareness. Many of the scientists predicted this, in fact, Mr. Elon Musk one of the billionaires in the world has predicted that AI may dominate us by the year 2040.
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Stages of AI: There are three stages of Artificial Intelligence
1. Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI):
This is commonly known as Narrow Artificial Intelligence or weak AI. Weak AI can’t think instead the narrow artificial intelligence performs narrowly defined and more specified low-level tasks.
Examples of Narrow AI
I. Chatbots
II. Face recognition
III. Red-eye reduction in cameras
IV. Assistant Apps like Alexa, Siri, and Google Assistant
V. AI applications like Faceapp, Snapchat, and other camera applications
2. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI):
This stage of AI is also known as Strong AI or knowledge-based AI. The AI models that are capable of thinking and performing actions like humans or can mimic human behavior is called Artificial General Intelligence.
Examples of General AI:
I. AI-enabled stocks and Forex trading bots use this strong AI to analyze the repetitive patterns in candlestick charts, perfectly forecast, and execute the orders at right time.
II. Artificial Intelligence in healthcare also belongs to Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) because it involves great efforts to detect complicated diseases and find out the ways to cure them.
III. AGI is also used in the manufacturing of modern drones, the balancing of propellers for smooth flight is a time-consuming process, and manufacturers deal with it with Artificial General Intelligence.
3. Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI):
This is the ultimate mature stage of Artificial Intelligence and is also known as super AI or cognitive AI. When Artificial Intelligence will get self-awareness and surpass human intelligence. Until now there is no real-life example existing for super AI, but there are lots of science fiction movies that better explain the world with Artificial Super Intelligence.
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Applications of AI:
Artificial Intelligence is involved everywhere in our modern society which we use and interact with without being noticed. Even a simple Google search includes AI involvement, Google deals with petabytes of data, and without AI finding a query from that amount of data is next to impossible. There are lots of companies engineering applications of artificial intelligence. We can find AI in almost every domain of the modern world like data science, data security, gaming, computer vision, finance, health care, and more.
Here are the top AI companies:
1. OpenAI
2. Deepmind
3. Affectiva
4. DataRobot
5. Cloud Minds
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Data Science:
We the humans produce lots of data every day in an unstructured form of data and that data is useless until it is structured understandably. AI helps us to organize that data and make it profitable. Kaggle platform is one of the great examples of the usage of AI systems in data Science.
AI in gaming:
Nowadays video gaming is one of the most growing industries in the world. It also uses an AI system to improve the in-game experience. AI bots are now common in modern games like Fortnite, PUBG, COD, etc. to train and engage the players for a better gaming experience.
AI in Natural Language Processing:
Humans always tried to communicate with machines in natural language because machines can understand the only “Binary” language. Artificial Intelligence filled the gap in communication and enabled computers to understand natural languages and get instructions to perform the tasks. Google Assistant, Cortona, Siri, and Alexa are examples of this application.
AI in Cyber Security:
The use of AI to prevent cyber attacks is increasing over time because AI can find vulnerabilities and security flaws in a matter of seconds. AI can find out malware and other malicious material easily and can suggest the best ways to prevent a cyber threat.
AI in Finance:
AI helped most businesses and individuals grow their portfolios. People followed AI financial advice to achieve their goals. There are lots of AI financial mobile and desktop applications developed by the best AI companies for financial services like mutual funds and loan advice.
AI in Medicine and Healthcare:
Artificial Intelligence provided ease to diagnose diseases at early stages and early diagnoses help doctors too. A vast number of medicines are being developed easily with the help of AI.
Conclusion:
The applications of AI are not only limited to these domains but its involvement can be found in every technology domain. The future of mankind relies on Artificial Intelligence. In the future, our dependencies on AI will go advance like the usage of a calculator. Besides the threat of super AI dominancy exists. In short, we should use AI technology in controlled measures also use it positively, and not let it surpass the human intelligence.
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